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|image = Deng Xiaoping.jpg |caption = Deng Xiaoping in 1979 |order =Chairman of the Central Advisory Commission of the Communist Party of China |deputy = Bo Yibo Xu Shiyou Tan Zhenlin Li Weihan |1blankname = General Secretary |1namedata = Hu Yaobang Zhao Ziyang |term = 13 September 1981 – 2 November 1987 |predecessor = Post established |successor = Chen Yun |office1 = Chairman of the Central Military Commission |deputy1 = Ye Jianying Zhao Ziyang Yang Shangkun |term_start1 = State Commission: 18 June 1983 |term_end1 = 9 November 1989 Party Commission: 28 June 1981 – 9 November 1989 |predecessor1 = Hua Guofeng |successor1 = Jiang Zemin |office2 = Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference |term2 = 8 March 1978 – 17 June 1983 |predecessor2 = Zhou Enlai vacant (1976–1978) |successor2 = Deng Yingchao |office3 = Minister of Finance |term3 = September 1953 – June 1954 |predecessor3 = Rong Zihe acting (1952–1953) |successor3 = Li Xiannian |birth_date = |birth_place = Guang'an, Sichuan, Qing dynasty |death_date = |death_place = Beijing, China |nationality = Chinese |party = Communist Party of China |spouse = Zhang Xiyuan (张锡瑗) (1928–1929) Jin Weiying (金维映) (1931–1939) Zhuo Lin (卓琳) (1939–1997) |children = Deng Lin Deng Pufang Deng Nan Deng Rong Deng Zhifang |signature = Deng Xiaoping Sign.png |footnotes = ---- ---- }} Deng Xiaoping (Simplified Chinese 邓小平, Traditional Chinese 鄧小平, pinyin ''dèng xiǎopíng'', ; 22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997), was a Chinese revolutionary and statesman. He was the paramount leader of China from 1978 until his retirement in 1992. After Mao Zedong's death, Deng led his country through far-reaching market-economy reforms. While Deng never held office as the head of state, head of government or General Secretary (that is, the leader of the Communist Party), he nonetheless was considered the "paramount leader" of the People's Republic of China from December 1978 to 1992, a period that includes the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. As the core of the second-generation leaders, Deng shared his power with several powerful older politicians commonly known as the Eight Elders. Born into a peasant background in Guang'an, Sichuan province, Deng studied and worked in France in the 1920s, where he was influenced by Marxism-Leninism. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1923. Upon his return to China he worked as a political commissar for the military in rural regions and was considered a "revolutionary veteran" of the Long March. Following the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Deng worked in Tibet and other southwestern regions to consolidate Communist control. Deng was a major supporter of Mao Zedong in the early 1950s. As the party's Secretary-General, Deng became instrumental in China's economic reconstruction following the Great Leap Forward in the early 1960s. His economic policies, however, were at odds with Mao's political ideologies. As a result, he was purged twice during the Cultural Revolution, but regained prominence in 1978 by outmaneuvering Mao's chosen successor, Hua Guofeng. Inheriting a country fraught with social and institutional woes resulting from the Cultural Revolution and other political movements of the Mao era, Deng became the pre-eminent figure of the "second generation" of Chinese leadership. He is considered "the architect" of a new brand of socialist thinking, combining the Communist Party's socialist ideology with a pragmatic adoption of market economy practices. Deng opened China to foreign investment, the global market and encouraged private competition. He is generally credited with developing China into one of the fastest-growing economies in the world for over 35 years and raising the standard of living of hundreds of millions of Chinese citizens. ==Early life and family== Deng was born into an ethnically Hakka Han family in the village of Paifang (), in the township of Xiexing (), Guang'an County in Sichuan province, approximately from Chongqing (formerly spelled ''Chungking''). Deng's ancestors can be traced back to Mei County, Guangdong,〔 a prominent ancestral area for the Hakka people, and had been settled in Sichuan for several generations. Deng's father, Deng Wenming, was a middle-level landowner and had studied at the University of Law and Political Science in Chengdu. His mother, surnamed Dan, died early in Deng's life, leaving Deng, his three brothers and three sisters.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Deng Xiaoping – Childhood )〕 At the age of five Deng was sent to a traditional Chinese-style private primary school, followed by a more modern primary school at the age of seven. Deng's first wife, one of his schoolmates from Moscow, died aged 24 a few days after giving birth to Deng's first child, a baby girl who also died. His second wife, Jin Weiying, left him after Deng came under political attack in 1933. His third wife Zhuo Lin was the daughter of an industrialist in Yunnan Province. She became a member of the Communist Party in 1938, and married Deng a year later in front of Mao's cave dwelling in Yan'an. They had five children: three daughters (Deng Lin, Deng Nan and Deng Rong) and two sons (Deng Pufang and Deng Zhifang). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Deng Xiaoping」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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